were introduced as a commercial entertainment medium in 1971, becoming the basis for an important entertainment industry in the late 1970s-early 1980s in the United States, Japan, and Europe. After a disastrous industry collapse in 1983 and a subsequent rebirth two years later, the video game industry has experienced sustained growth for over two decades to become a $10 billion industry, which rivals the motion pictures industry as the most profitable entertainment industry in the world.